Roles and Privileges

HEAVY.AI supports data security using a set of database object access privileges granted to users or roles.

Users and Privileges

When you create a database, the admin superuser is created by default. The admin superuser is granted all privileges on all database objects. Superusers can create new users that, by default, have no database object privileges.

Superusers can grant users selective access privileges on multiple database objects using two mechanisms: role-based privileges and user-based privileges.

Role-based Privileges

  1. Grant roles access privileges on database objects.

  2. Grant roles to users.

  3. Grant roles to other roles.

User-based Privileges

When a user has privilege requirements that differ from role privileges, you can grant privileges directly to the user. These mechanisms provide data security for many users and classes of users to access the database.

You have the following options for granting privileges:

  • Each object privilege can be granted to one or many roles, or to one or many users.

  • A role and/or user can be granted privileges on one or many objects.

  • A role can be granted to one or many users or other roles.

  • A user can be granted one or many roles.

This supports the following many-to-many relationships:

  • Objects and roles

  • Objects and users

  • Roles and users

These relationships provide flexibility and convenience when granting/revoking privileges to and from users.

Granting object privileges to roles and users, and granting roles to users, has a cumulative effect. The result of several grant commands is a combination of all individual grant commands. This applies to all database object types and to privileges inherited by objects. For example, object privileges granted to the object of database type are propagated to all table-type objects of that database object.

Who Can Grant Object Privileges?

Only a superuser or an object owner can grant privileges for on object.

  • A superuser has all privileges on all database objects.

  • A non-superuser user has only those privileges on a database object that are granted by a superuser.

  • A non-superuser user has ALL privileges on a table created by that user.

Roles and Privileges Persistence

  • Roles can be created and dropped at any time.

  • Object privileges and roles can be granted or revoked at any time, and the action takes effect immediately.

  • Privilege state is persistent and restored if the HEAVY.AI session is interrupted.

Database Object Privileges

There are five database object types, each with its own privileges.

ACCESS - Connect to the database. The ACCESS privilege is a prerequisite for all other privileges at the database level. Without the ACCESS privilege, a user or role cannot perform tasks on any other database objects.

ALL - Allow all privileges on this database except issuing grants and dropping the database.

SELECT, INSERT, TRUNCATE, UPDATE, DELETE - Allow these operations on any table in the database.

ALTER SERVER - Alter servers in the current database.

CREATE SERVER - Create servers in the current database.

CREATE TABLE - Create a table in the current database. (Also CREATE.)

CREATE VIEW - Create a view for the current database.

CREATE DASHBOARD - Create a dashboard for the current database.

DELETE DASHBOARD - Delete a dashboard for this database.

DROP SERVER - Drop servers from the current database.

DROP - Drop a table from the database.

DROP VIEW - Drop a view for this database.

EDIT DASHBOARD - Edit a dashboard for this database.

SELECT VIEW - Select a view for this database.

SERVER USAGE - Use servers (through foreign tables) in the current database.

VIEW DASHBOARD - View a dashboard for this database.

VIEW SQL EDITOR - Access the SQL Editor in Immerse for this database.

Users with SELECT privilege on views do not require SELECT privilege on underlying tables referenced by the view to retrieve the data queried by the view. View queries work without error whether or not users have direct access to referenced tables. This also applies to views that query tables in other databases.

To create views, users must have SELECT privilege on queried tables in addition to the CREATE VIEW privilege.

Privileges granted on a database-type object are inherited by all tables of that database.

Privilege Commands

SQL
Description

CREATE ROLE

Create role.

DROP ROLE

Drop role.

GRANT

Grant role to user or to another role.

REVOKE

Revoke role from user or from another role.

GRANT ON TABLE

Grant role privilege(s) on a database table to a role or user.

REVOKE ON TABLE

Revoke role privilege(s) on database table from a role or user.

GRANT ON VIEW

Grant role privilege(s) on a database view to a role or user.

REVOKE ON VIEW

Revoke role privilege(s) on database view from a role or user.

GRANT ON DATABASE

Grant role privilege(s) on database to a role or user.

REVOKE ON DATABASE

Revoke role privilege(s) on database from a role or user.

GRANT ON SERVER

Grant role privilege(s) on server to a role or user.

REVOKE ON SERVER

Revoke role privilege(s) on server from a role or user.

GRANT ON DASHBOARD

Grant role privilege(s) on dashboard to a role or user.

REVOKE ON DASHBOARD

Revoke role privilege(s) on dashboard from a role or user.

Example

The following example shows a valid sequence for granting access privileges to non-superuser user1 by granting a role to user1 and by directly granting a privilege. This example presumes that table1 and user1 already exist, and that user1 has ACCESS privileges on the database where table1 exists.

  1. Create the r_select role.

  2. Grant the SELECT privilege on table1 to the r_select role. Any user granted the r_select role gains the SELECT privilege.

    GRANT SELECT ON TABLE table1 TO r_select;

  3. Grant the r_select role to user1, giving user1 the SELECT privilege on table1.

  4. Directly grant user1 the INSERT privilege on table1.

    GRANT INSERT ON TABLE table1 TO user1;

See Example Roles and Privileges Session for a more complete example.

CREATE ROLE

Create a role. Roles are granted to users for role-based database object access.

This clause requires superuser privilege and <roleName> must not exist.

Synopsis

CREATE ROLE <roleName>;

Parameters

<roleName>

Name of the role to create.

Example

Create a payroll department role called payrollDept.

CREATE ROLE payrollDept;

See Also

DROP ROLE

Remove a role.

This clause requires superuser privilege and <roleName> must exist.

Synopsis

DROP ROLE [IF EXISTS] <roleName>;

Parameters

<roleName>

Name of the role to drop.

Example

Remove the payrollDept role.

DROP ROLE payrollDept;

See Also

GRANT

Grant role privileges to users and to other roles.

The ACCESS privilege is a prerequisite for all other privileges at the database level. Without the ACCESS privilege, a user or role cannot perform tasks on any other database objects.

This clause requires superuser privilege. The specified <roleNames> and <userNames> must exist.

Synopsis

GRANT <roleNames> TO <userNames>, <roleNames>;

Parameters

<roleNames>

Names of roles to grant to users and other roles. Use commas to separate multiple role names.

<userNames>

Names of users. Use commas to separate multiple user names.

Examples

Assign payrollDept role privileges to user dennis.

GRANT payrollDept TO dennis;

Grant payrollDept and accountsPayableDept role privileges to users dennis and mike and role hrDept.

GRANT payrollDept, accountsPayableDept TO dennis, mike, hrDept;

See Also

REVOKE

Remove role privilege from users or from other roles. This removes database object access privileges granted with the role.

This clause requires superuser privilege. The specified <roleNames> and <userNames> must exist.

Synopsis

REVOKE <roleNames> FROM <userNames>, <roleNames>;

Parameters

<roleNames>

Names of roles to remove from users and other roles. Use commas to separate multiple role names.

<userName>

Names of the users. Use commas to separate multiple user names.

Example

Remove payrollDept role privileges from user dennis.

REVOKE payrollDept FROM dennis;

Revoke payrollDept and accountsPayableDept role privileges from users dennis and fred and role hrDept.

REVOKE payrollDept, accountsPayableDept FROM dennis, fred, hrDept;

See Also

GRANT ON TABLE

Define the privilege(s) a role or user has on the specified table. You can specify any combination of the INSERT, SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE, DROP, or TRUNCATE privilege or specify all privileges.

The ACCESS privilege is a prerequisite for all other privileges at the database level. Without the ACCESS privilege, a user or role cannot perform tasks on any other database objects.

This clause requires superuser privilege, or <tableName> must have been created by the user invoking this command. The specified <tableName> and users or roles defined in <entityList> must exist.

Synopsis

GRANT <privilegeList> ON TABLE <tableName> TO <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ALL

Grant all possible access privileges on <tableName> to <entityList>.

ALTER TABLE

Grant ALTER TABLE privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

DELETE

Grant DELETE privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

DROP

Grant DROP privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

INSERT

Grant INSERT privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

SELECT

Grant SELECT privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

TRUNCATE

Grant TRUNCATE privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

UPDATE

Grant UPDATE privilege on <tableName> to <entityList>.

<tableName>

Name of the database table.

<entityList>

Name of entity or entities to be granted the privilege(s).

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role.

user

Name of user.

Examples

Permit all privileges on the employees table for the payrollDept role.

GRANT ALL ON TABLE employees TO payrollDept;

Permit SELECT-only privilege on the employees table for user chris.

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE employees TO chris;

Permit INSERT-only privilege on the employees table for the hrdept and accountsPayableDept roles.

GRANT INSERT ON TABLE employees TO hrDept, accountsPayableDept;

Permit INSERT, SELECT, and TRUNCATE privileges on the employees table for the role hrDept and for users dennis and mike.

GRANT INSERT, SELECT, TRUNCATE ON TABLE employees TO hrDept, dennis, mike;

See Also

REVOKE ON TABLE

Remove the privilege(s) a role or user has on the specified table. You can remove any combination of the INSERT, SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE, or TRUNCATE privileges, or remove all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privilege or <tableName> must have been created by the user invoking this command. The specified <tableName> and users or roles in <entityList> must exist.

Synopsis

REVOKE <privilegeList> ON TABLE <tableName> FROM <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ALL

Remove all access privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

ALTER TABLE

Remove ALTER TABLE privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

DELETE

Remove DELETE privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

DROP

Remove DROP privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

INSERT

Remove INSERT privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

SELECT

Remove SELECT privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

TRUNCATE

Remove TRUNCATE privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

UPDATE

Remove UPDATE privilege for <entityList> on <tableName>.

<tableName>

Name of the database table.

<entityList>

Name of entities to be denied the privilege(s).

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role.

user

Name of user.

Example

Prohibit SELECT and INSERT operations on the employees table for the nonemployee role.

REVOKE ALL ON TABLE employees FROM nonemployee;

Prohibit SELECT operations on the directors table for the employee role.

REVOKE SELECT ON TABLE directors FROM employee;

Prohibit INSERT operations on the directors table for role employee and user laura.

REVOKE INSERT ON TABLE directors FROM employee, laura;

Prohibit INSERT, SELECT, and TRUNCATE privileges on the employees table for the role nonemployee and for users dennis and mike.

REVOKE INSERT, SELECT, TRUNCATE ON TABLE employees FROM nonemployee, dennis, mike;

See Also

GRANT ON VIEW

Define the privileges a role or user has on the specified view. You can specify any combination of the SELECT, INSERT, or DROP privileges, or specify all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privileges, or <viewName> must have been created by the user invoking this command. The specified <viewName> and users or roles in <entityList> must exist.

Synopsis

GRANT <privilegeList> ON VIEW <viewName> TO <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ALL

Grant all possible access privileges on <viewName> to <entityList>.

DROP

Grant DROP privilege on <viewName> to <entityList>.

INSERT

Grant INSERT privilege on <viewName> to <entityList>.

SELECT

Grant SELECT privilege on <viewName> to <entityList>.

<viewName>

Name of the database view.

<entityList>

Name of entities to be granted the privileges.

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role.

user

Name of user.

Examples

Permit SELECT, INSERT, and DROP privileges on the employees view for the payrollDept role.

GRANT ALL ON VIEW employees TO payrollDept;

Permit SELECT-only privilege on the employees view for the employee role and user venkat.

GRANT SELECT ON VIEW employees TO employee, venkat;

Permit INSERT and DROP privileges on the employees view for the hrDept and acctPayableDept roles and users simon and dmitri.

GRANT INSERT, DROP ON VIEW employees TO hrDept, acctPayableDept, simon, dmitri;

See Also

REVOKE ON VIEW

Remove the privileges a role or user has on the specified view. You can remove any combination of the INSERT, DROP, or SELECT privileges, or remove all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privilege, or <viewName> must have been created by the user invoking this command. The specified <viewName> and users or roles in <entityList> must exist.

Synopsis

REVOKE <privilegeList> ON VIEW <viewName> FROM <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ALL

Remove all access privilege for <entityList> on <viewName>.

DROP

Remove DROP privilege for <entityList> on <viewName>.

INSERT

Remove INSERT privilege for <entityList> on <viewName>.

SELECT

Remove SELECT privilege for <entityList> on <viewName>.

<viewName>

Name of the database view.

<entityList>

Name of entity to be denied the privilege(s).

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role.

user

Name of user.

Example

Prohibit SELECT, DROP, and INSERT operations on the employees view for the nonemployee role.

REVOKE ALL ON VIEW employees FROM nonemployee;

Prohibit SELECT operations on the directors view for the employee role.

REVOKE SELECT ON VIEW directors FROM employee;

Prohibit INSERT and DROP operations on the directors view for the employee and manager role and for users ashish and lindsey.

REVOKE INSERT, DROP ON VIEW directors FROM employee, manager, ashish, lindsey;

See Also

GRANT ON DATABASE

Define the valid privileges a role or user has on the specified database. You can specify any combination of privileges, or specify all privileges.

The ACCESS privilege is a prerequisite for all other privileges at the database level. Without the ACCESS privilege, a user or role cannot perform tasks on any other database objects.

This clause requires superuser privileges.

Synopsis

GRANT <privilegeList> ON DATABASE <dbName> TO <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ACCESS

Grant ACCESS (connection) privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

ALL

Grant all possible access privileges on <dbName> to <entityList>.

ALTER TABLE

Grant ALTER TABLE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

ALTER SERVER

Grant ALTER SERVER privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

CREATE SERVER

Grant CREATE SERVER privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>;

CREATE TABLE

Grant CREATE TABLE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>. Previously CREATE.

CREATE VIEW

Grant CREATE VIEW privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

CREATE DASHBOARD

Grant CREATE DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

CREATE

Grant CREATE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

DELETE

Grant DELETE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

DELETE DASHBOARD

Grant DELETE DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

DROP

Grant DROP privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

DROP SERVER

Grant DROP privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

DROP VIEW

Grant DROP VIEW privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

EDIT DASHBOARD

Grant EDIT DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

INSERT

Grant INSERT privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

SELECT

Grant SELECT privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

SELECT VIEW

Grant SELECT VIEW privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

SERVER USAGE

Grant SERVER USAGE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

TRUNCATE

Grant TRUNCATE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

UPDATE

Grant UPDATE privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

VIEW DASHBOARD

Grant VIEW DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> to <entityList>.

VIEW SQL EDITOR

Grant VIEW SQL EDITOR privilege in Immerse on <dbName> to <entityList>.

<dbName>

Name of the database, which must exist, created by CREATE DATABASE.

<entityList>

Name of the entity to be granted the privilege.

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role, which must exist.

user

Name of user, which must exist. See Users and Databases.

Examples

Permit all operations on the companydb database for the payrollDept role and user david.

GRANT ALL ON DATABASE companydb TO payrollDept, david;

Permit SELECT-only operations on the companydb database for the employee role.

GRANT ACCESS, SELECT ON DATABASE companydb TO employee;

Permit INSERT, UPDATE, and DROP operations on the companydb database for the hrdept and manager role and for users irene and stephen.

GRANT ACCESS, INSERT, UPDATE, DROP ON DATABASE companydb TO hrdept, manager, irene, stephen;

See Also

REVOKE ON DATABASE

Remove the operations a role or user can perform on the specified database. You can specify privileges individually or specify all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privilege or the user must own the database object. The specified <dbName> and roles or users in <entityList> must exist.

Synopsis

REVOKE <privilegeList> ON DATABASE <dbName> FROM <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ACCESS

Remove ACCESS (connection) privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

ALL

Remove all possible privileges on <dbName> from <entityList>.

ALTER SERVER

Remove ALTER SERVER privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>

ALTER TABLE

Remove ALTER TABLE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

CREATE TABLE

Remove CREATE TABLE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>. Previously CREATE.

CREATE VIEW

Remove CREATE VIEW privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

CREATE DASHBOARD

Remove CREATE DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

CREATE

Remove CREATE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

CREATE SERVER

Remove CREATE SERVER privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

DELETE

Remove DELETE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

DELETE DASHBOARD

Remove DELETE DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

DROP

Remove DROP privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

DROP SERVER

Remove DROP SERVER privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

DROP VIEW

Remove DROP VIEW privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

EDIT DASHBOARD

Remove EDIT DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

INSERT

Remove INSERT privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

SELECT

Remove SELECT privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

SELECT VIEW

Remove SELECT VIEW privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

SERVER USAGE

Remove SERVER USAGE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

TRUNCATE

Remove TRUNCATE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

UPDATE

Remove UPDATE privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

VIEW DASHBOARD

Remove VIEW DASHBOARD privilege on <dbName> from <entityList>.

VIEW SQL EDITOR

Remove VIEW SQL EDITOR privilege in Immerse on <dbName> from <entityList>.

<dbName>

Name of the database.

<entityList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role.

user

Name of user.

Example

Prohibit all operations on the employees database for the nonemployee role.

REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE employees FROM nonemployee;

Prohibit SELECT operations on the directors database for the employee role and for user monica.

REVOKE SELECT ON DATABASE directors FROM employee;

Prohibit INSERT, DROP, CREATE, and DELETE operations on the directors database for employee role and for users max and alex.

REVOKE INSERT, DROP, CREATE, DELETE ON DATABASE directors FROM employee;

See Also

GRANT ON SERVER

Define the valid privileges a role or user has for working with servers. You can specify any combination of privileges or specify all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privileges, or <serverName> must have been created by the user invoking the command.

Synopsis

GRANT <privilegeList> ON SERVER <serverName> TO <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

DROP

Grant DROP privileges on <serverName> on current database to <entityList>.

ALTER

Grant ALTER privilege on <serverName> on current database to <entityList>.

USAGE

Grant USAGE privilege (through foreign tables) on <serverName> on current database to <entityList>.

<serverName>

Name of the server, which must exist on the current database, created by CREATE SERVER ON DATABASE.

<entityList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role, which must exist.

user

Name of user, which must exist. See Users and Databases.

Examples

Grant DROP privilege on server parquet_s3_server to user fred:

GRANT DROP ON SERVER parquet_s3_server TO fred

Grant ALTER privilege on server parquet_s3_server to role payrollDept:

GRANT ALTER ON SERVER parquet_s3_server TO payrollDept;

Grant USAGE and ALTER privileges on server parquet_s3_server to role payrollDept and user jamie:

GRANT USAGE, ALTER ON SERVER parquet_s3_server TO payrollDept, jamie;

See Also

REVOKE ON SERVER

Remove privileges a role or user has for working with servers. You can specify any combination of privileges or specify all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privileges, or <serverName> must have been created by the user invoking the command.

Synopsis

REVOKE <privilegeList> ON SERVER <serverName> FROM <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

DROP

Remove DROP privileges on <serverName> on current database for <entityList>.

ALTER

Remove ALTER privilege on <serverName> on current database for <entityList>.

USAGE

Remove USAGE privilege (through foreign tables) on <serverName> on current database for <entityList>.

<serverName>

Name of the server, which must exist on the current database, created by CREATE SERVER ON DATABASE.

<entityList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role, which must exist.

user

Name of user, which must exist. See Users and Databases.

Examples

Revoke DROP privilege on server parquet_s3_server for user inga:

REVOKE DROP ON SERVER parquet_s3_server FROM inga

Grant ALTER privilege on server parquet_s3_server for role payrollDept:

REVOKE ALTER ON SERVER parquet_s3_server FROM payrollDept;

Grant USAGE and ALTER privileges on server parquet_s3_server for role payrollDept and user marvin:

REVOKE USAGE, ALTER ON SERVER parquet_s3_server FROM payrollDept, marvin;

See Also

GRANT ON DASHBOARD

Define the valid privileges a role or user has for working with dashboards. You can specify any combination of privileges or specify all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privileges.

Synopsis

GRANT <privilegeList> [ON DASHBOARD <dashboardId>] TO <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ALL

Grant all possible access privileges on <dashboardId> to <entityList>.

CREATE

Grant CREATE privilege to <entityList>.

DELETE

Grant DELETE privilege on <dashboardId> to <entityList>.

EDIT

Grant EDIT privilege on <dashboardId> to <entityList>.

VIEW

Grant VIEW privilege on <dashboardId> to <entityList>.

<dashboardId>

ID of the dashboard, which must exist, created by CREATE DASHBOARD. To show a list of all dashboards and IDs in heavysql, run the \dash command when logged in as superuser.

<entityList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role, which must exist.

user

Name of user, which must exist. See Users and Databases.

Examples

Permit all privileges on the dashboard ID 740 for the payrollDept role.

GRANT ALL ON DASHBOARD 740 TO payrollDept;

Permit VIEW-only privilege on dashboard 730 for the hrDept role and user dennis.

GRANT VIEW ON DASHBOARD 730 TO hrDept, dennis;

Permit EDIT and DELETE privileges on dashboard 740 for the hrDept and accountsPayableDept roles and for user pavan.

GRANT EDIT, DELETE ON DASHBOARD 740 TO hrdept, accountsPayableDept, pavan;

See Also

REVOKE ON DASHBOARD

Remove privileges a role or user has for working with dashboards. You can specify any combination of privileges, or all privileges.

This clause requires superuser privileges.

Synopsis

REVOKE <privilegeList> [ON DASHBOARD <dashboardId>] FROM <entityList>;

Parameters

<privilegeList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

ALL

Revoke all possible access privileges on <dashboardId> for <entityList>.

CREATE

Revoke CREATE privilege for <entityList>.

DELETE

Revoke DELETE privilege on <dashboardId> for <entityList>.

EDIT

Revoke EDIT privilege on <dashboardId> for <entityList>.

VIEW

Revoke VIEW privilege on <dashboardId> for <entityList>.

<dashboardId>

ID of the dashboard, which must exist, created by CREATE DASHBOARD.

<entityList>

Parameter Value
Descriptions

role

Name of role, which must exist.

user

Name of user, which must exist. See Users and Databases.

Revoke DELETE privileges on dashboard 740 for the payrollDept role.

REVOKE DELETE ON DASHBOARD 740 FROM payrollDept;

Revoke all privileges on dashboard 730 for hrDept role and users dennis and mike.

REVOKE ALL ON DASHBOARD 730 FROM hrDept, dennis, mike;

Revoke EDIT and DELETE of dashboard 740 for the hrDept and accountsPayableDept roles and for users dante and jonathan.

REVOKE EDIT, DELETE ON DASHBOARD 740 FROM hrdept, accountsPayableDept, dante, jonathan;

See Also

Common Privilege Levels for Non-Superusers

The following privilege levels are typically recommended for non-superusers in Immerse. Privileges assigned for users in your organization may vary depending on access requirements.

Privilege
Command Syntax to Grant Privilege

Access a database

GRANT ACCESS ON DATABASE <dbName> TO <entityList>;

Create a table

GRANT CREATE TABLE ON DATABASE <dbName> TO <entityList>;

Select a table

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE <tableName> TO <entityList>;

View a dashboard

GRANT VIEW ON DASHBOARD <dashboardId> TO <entityList>;

Create a dashboard

GRANT CREATE DASHBOARD ON DATABASE <dbName> TO <entityList>;

Edit a dashboard

GRANT EDIT ON DASHBOARD TO ;

Delete a dashboard

GRANT DELETE DASHBOARD ON DATABASE <dbName> TO <entityList>;

Example: Roles and Privileges

These examples assume that tables table1 through table4 are created as needed:

create table table1 (id smallint);
create table table2 (id smallint);
create table table3 (id smallint);
create table table4 (id smallint);

The following examples show how to work with users, roles, tables, and dashboards.

Create User Accounts

create user marketingDeptEmployee1 (password = 'md1');
create user marketingDeptEmployee2 (password = 'md2');
create user marketingDeptManagerEmployee3 (password = 'md3');

create user salesDeptEmployee1 (password = 'sd1');
create user salesDeptEmployee2 (password = 'sd2');
create user salesDeptEmployee3 (password = 'sd3');
create user salesDeptEmployee4 (password = 'sd4');
create user salesDeptManagerEmployee5 (password = 'sd5');

Grant Access to Users on Database

grant access on database heavyai to marketingDeptEmployee1, marketingDeptEmployee2, marketingDeptManagerEmployee3;
grant access on database heavyai to salesDeptEmployee1, salesDeptEmployee2, salesDeptEmployee3, salesDeptEmployee4, salesDeptManagerEmployee5;

Create Marketing Department Roles

create role marketingDeptRole1;
create role marketingDeptRole2;

Grant Marketing Department Roles to Marketing Department Employees

grant marketingDeptRole1 to marketingDeptEmployee1, marketingDeptManagerEmployee3;
grant marketingDeptRole2 to marketingDeptEmployee2, marketingDeptManagerEmployee3;

Grant Privelege to Marketing Department Roles

grant select on table table1 to marketingDeptRole1;
grant select on table table2 to marketingDeptRole1;
grant select on table table2 to marketingDeptRole2;

Create Sales Department Roles

create role salesDeptRole1;
create role salesDeptRole2;
create role salesDeptRole3;

Grant Sales Department Roles to Sales Department Employees

grant salesDeptRole1 to salesDeptEmployee1;
grant salesDeptRole2 to salesDeptEmployee2, salesDeptEmployee3;
grant salesDeptRole3 to salesDeptEmployee4;

Grant Privilege to Sales Department Roles

grant select on table table1 to salesDeptRole1;
grant select on table table3 to salesDeptRole1, salesDeptRole2;
grant select on table table4 to salesDeptRole3;

Grant All Sales Roles to Sales Department Manager and Marketing Department Manager

grant salesDeptRole1, salesDeptRole2, salesDeptRole3 to salesDeptManagerEmployee5, marketingDeptManagerEmployee3;

Grant View on Dashboards

Use the \dash command to list all dashboards and their unique IDs in HEAVY.AI:

heavysql> \dash 
Dashboard ID | Dashboard Name    | Owner 
1            | Marketing_Summary | heavyai

Here, the Marketing_Summary dashboard uses table2 as a data source. The role marketingDeptRole2 has select privileges on that table. Grant view access on the Marketing_Summary dashboard to marketingDeptRole2:

grant view on dashboard 1 to marketingDeptRole2;

Relationships Between Users, Roles, and Tables

The following table shows the roles and privileges for each user created in the previous example.

User
Roles Granted
Table Privileges

salesDeptEmployee1

salesDeptRole1

SELECT on Tables 1, 3

salesDeptEmployee2

salesDeptRole2

SELECT on Table 3

salesDeptEmployee3

salesDeptRole2

SELECT on Table 3

salesDeptEmployee4

salesDeptRole3

SELECT on Table 4

salesDeptManagerEmployee5

salesDeptRole1, salesDeptRole2, salesDeptRole3

SELECT on Tables 1, 3, 4

marketingDeptEmployee1

marketingDeptRole1

SELECT on Tables 1, 2

marketingDeptEmployee2

marketingDeptRole2

SELECT on Table 2

marketingDeptManagerEmployee3

marketingDeptRole1, marketingDeptRole2, salesDeptRole1, salesDeptRole2, salesDeptRole3

SELECT on Tables 1, 2, 3, 4

Commands to Report Roles and Privileges

Use the following commands to list current roles and assigned privileges. If you have superuser access, you can see privileges for all users. Otherwise, you can see only those roles and privileges for which you have access.

Results for users, roles, privileges, and object privileges are returned in creation order.

\dash

Lists all dashboards and dashboard IDs in HEAVY.AI. Requires superuser privileges. Dashboard privileges are assigned by dashboard ID because dashboard names may not be unique.

Example

heavysql> \dash database heavyai 
Dashboard ID | Dashboard Name    | Owner 
1            | Marketing_Summary | heavyai

heavysql> \dash database heavyai Dashboard ID | Dashboard Name | Owner 1 | Marketing_Summary | heavyai

\object_privileges objectType `_objectName`_

Reports all privileges granted to the specified object for all roles and users. If the specified objectName does not exist, no results are reported. Used for databases and tables only.

Example

heavysql> \object_privileges database heavyai 
marketingDeptEmployee1 privileges: login-access 
marketingDeptEmployee2 privileges: login-access marketingDeptManagerEmployee3 privileges: login-access
salesDeptEmployee1 privileges: login-access 
salesDeptEmployee2 privileges: login-access 
salesDeptEmployee3 privileges: login-access 
salesDeptEmployee4 privileges: login-access 
salesDeptManagerEmployee5 privileges: login-access

\privileges roleName | userName

Reports all object privileges granted to the specified role or user. The roleName or userName specified must exist.

Example

heavysql> \privileges salesDeptRole1 
table1 (table): select 
table3 (table): select
heavysql> \privileges salesDeptManagerEmployee5 
mapd (database): login-access

heavysql> \privileges marketingdeptrole2 
table2 (table): select
Marketing_Summary (dashboard): view

\role_list userName

Reports all roles granted to the given user. The userName specified must exist.

Example

heavysql> \role_list salesDeptManagerEmployee5
salesDeptRole3 
salesDeptRole2 
salesDeptRole1

\roles

Reports all roles.

Example

heavysql> \roles
marketingDeptRole1 
marketingDeptRole2 
salesDeptRole1 
salesDeptRole2 
salesDeptRole3

\u

Lists all users.

Example

heavysql> \u 
heavyai 
marketingDeptEmployee1 
marketingDeptEmployee2 
salesDeptEmployee1 
salesDeptEmployee2 
salesDeptEmployee3 
salesDeptEmployee4 
salesDeptManagerEmployee5 
marketingDeptManagerEmployee3

Example: Data Security

The following example demonstrates field-level security using two views:

  • view_users_limited, in which users only see three of seven fields: userid, First_Name, and Department.

  • view_users_full, users see all seven fields.

Source Data

Create Views

create view view_users_limited as select userid, First_Name, Department from users;
create view view_users_full as select userid, First_Name, Department, Address, City, State, Zip from users;

Create Users

create user readonly1 (password = 'rr1');
create user readonly2 (password = 'rr2');

Grant Access to Users on Database

grant access on database heavyai to readonly1, readonly2;

Create Roles

create role limited_readonly;
create role full_readonly;

Grant Roles to Users

grant limited_readonly to readonly1;
grant full_readonly to readonly2;

Grant Privilege to View Roles

grant select on view view_users_limited to limited_readonly;
grant select on view view_users_full TO full_readonly;

Verify Views

User readonly1 sees no tables, only the specific view granted, and only the three specific columns returned in the view:

heavysql> \t
heavysql> \v
view_users_limited
heavysql> select * from view_users_limited;
userid|First_Name|Department
1|Todd|C Suite
2|Don|Sales
3|Mike|Customer Success

User readonly2 sees no tables, only the specific view granted, and all seven columns returned in the view:

heavysql> \t
heavysql> \v
view_users_full
heavysql> select * from view_users_full;
userid|First_Name|Department|Address|City|State|Zip
1|Todd|C Suite|1 Front Street|San Francisco|CA|94111
2|Don|Sales|1 5th Avenue|New York|NY|10001
3|Mike|Customer Succes|100 Main Street|Reston|VA|20191
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