Command Reference
Create new server objects.
CREATE SERVER [IF NOT EXISTS] <server_name>
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <foreign_data_wrapper_name>
WITH ( <option> = <value> [, ... ] )
A foreign server object represents a named external datasource, along with configuration information required to access the datasource. Server objects are referenced during foreign table creation in order to indicate the backing datasource for the created table.
server_name | The name of the foreign server to be created. |
foreign_data_wrapper_name | The foreign data wrapper to use. Available data wrappers are: delimited_file, parquet_file, regex_parsed_file, and odbc (beta). |
Foreign Server Options for File Data Wrappers (delimited_file, parquet_file, and regex_parsed_file)
STORAGE_TYPE | Available types are LOCAL_FILE, AWS_S3. |
BASE_PATH | Base file path for the data files or directory. |
S3_BUCKET | S3 bucket containing files. Only applies to AWS_S3 storage type |
AWS_REGION | AWS region where files/objects are stored. Only applies to AWS_S3 storage type. |
S3_ENDPOINT | Custom S3 endpoint, which allows data access from S3-compatible services, such as Google Cloud Storage. Similar in function to the COPY FROM command. |
Foreign Server Options for ODBC Data Wrapper
ODBC HeavyConnect is currently in beta.
DATA_SOURCE_NAME | Data source name (DSN) configured in the odbc.ini file. Only one of data_source_name or connection_string is required. |
CONNECTION_STRING | A set of semicolon-separated key=value pairs, which define the connection parameters for an RDMS. For example, Driver=DriverName;Database=DatabaseName;Servername=HostName;Port=1234 . Only one of data_source_name or connection_string is required. |
Examples
Create a local server that uses the
delimited_file
data wrapper and the file path /home/my_user/data/csv/
:CREATE SERVER my_csv_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER delimited_file WITH (
storage_type = 'LOCAL_FILE',
base_path = '/home/my_user/data/csv/'
);
Create an AWS Server that uses the
delimited_file
data wrapper with an AWS S3 bucket "fsi-s3-bucket" in the us-west-1 AWS region:CREATE SERVER my_aws_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER delimited_file WITH (
storage_type = 'AWS_S3',
s3_bucket = 'fsi-s3-bucket',
aws_region = 'us-west-1'
);
Create an ODBC server using a data source name (DSN):
CREATE SERVER my_postgres_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER odbc WITH (
data_source_name = 'postgres_db_1'
);
Create an ODBC server using a connection string:
CREATE SERVER my_postgres_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER odbc WITH (
connection_string = 'Driver=PostgreSQL;Database=my_postgres_db;Servername=my_postgres.example.com;Port=1234'
);
To prevent collisions with available HeavyDB default servers, server names with default*, system*, and internal* (case insensitive) prefixes are not allowed.
Update server objects.
ALTER SERVER <server_name>
[ SET (<option> = <value> [, ... ] ) ]
ALTER SERVER <server_name> OWNER TO <new_owner>
ALTER SERVER <server_name> RENAME TO <new_server_name>
ALTER SERVER <server_name> SET FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <foreign_data_wrapper_name>
Allow users to update properties of existing server objects.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
Parameter | Usage |
server_name | The name of the foreign server to be updated. |
new_server_name | The new name that should be assigned to the foreign server. |
option | Clause specific to the option to be updated. |
new_owner | Username of the new foreign server owner. |
foreign_data_wrapper_name | The name of the foreign data wrapper that should be associated with the server object. |
Update the my_csv_server object's base path “/home/my_user/data/csv/” to “/home/my_user/data/new_csv/”:
ALTER SERVER my_csv_server WITH (base_path = '/home/my_user/data/new-csv/');
Change the my_csv_server object's name to my_new_csv_server:
ALTER SERVER my_csv_server RENAME TO my_new_csv_server;
Delete an existing server object
DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] <server_name>
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
server_name | The name of the foreign server to be deleted. |
Delete the my_csv_server server object:
DROP SERVER my_csv_server;
View information about existing server objects.
SHOW SERVERS
[WHERE <metadata_name> { = | LIKE } <metadata_value>]
Result | Definition |
---|---|
server_name | Server name used in the CREATE/ALTER SERVER command. |
owner | User who created the server object or who has been assigned as the owner of the server object via an ALTER SERVER command. |
data_wrapper | Name of data wrapper associated with server object. |
options | JSON string representation of options used in CREATE/ALTER SERVER command. |
created_at | Timestamp when the server object was created. |
SHOW SERVERS;
Result:
server_name | owner | data_wrapper | options | created_at
------------------+-------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------
my_csv_server | joe | delimited_file | {"storage_type": "LOCAL_FILE", "base_path": "/home/my_user/data/csv/"} | 2019-11-15T23:54:35Z
my_parquet_server | admin | parquet_file | {"storage_type": "AWS_S3", "s3_bucket": "my_parquet_files", "aws_region": "us-east-1"} | 2019-11-15T23:54:35Z
SHOW SERVERS WHERE data_wrapper = 'delimited_file';
Result:
server_name | owner | data_wrapper | options | created_at
------------------+-------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------
my_csv_server | joe | delimited_file | {"storage_type": "LOCAL_FILE", "base_path": "/home/my_user/data/csv/"} | 2019-11-15T23:54:35Z
SHOW SERVERS WHERE server_name LIKE '%csv%';
Result:
server_name | owner | data_wrapper | options | created_at
------------------+-------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------
my_csv_server | joe | delimited_file | {"storage_type": "LOCAL_FILE", "base_path": "/home/my_user/data/csv/"} | 2019-11-15T23:54:35Z
Creates the foreign table.
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name> (
{ <column_name> <data_type> [NOT NULL] [ENCODING <encoding_spec>] }
[, ... ]
)
SERVER <server_name>
[ WITH ( <option> = <value> [, ... ] ) ]
A foreign table acts as a proxy to an external data source for which access details are provided by a server object. A foreign table provides an interface for querying data from an external datasource in a similar way to a local table.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
table_name | The name of the foreign table to be created. |
column_name | The name of the column to be created. |
data_type | Data type of the column to be created. |
NOT NULL | Specify that NULL Is not allowed for this column type. |
ENCODING | Specify the encoding of the data type. |
SERVER {custom_server_name | default_local_delimited | default_local_parquet |
default_local_regex_parsed} | The server name used in the CREATE SERVER command. |
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
ALLOW_FILE_ROLL_OFF | Allow the oldest files (based on file path sort order) in a directory of files to be rolled off when a refresh occurs. Only applies when REFRESH_UPDATE_TYPE is set to APPEND. |
REFRESH_UPDATE_TYPE={APPEND | ALL} | Specifies what portion of the data is refreshed. APPEND specifies that new data is added to existing. ALL specifies that updated data can exist anywhere within the data set. |
REFRESH_TIMING_TYPE={MANUAL | SCHEDULED} | Identifies if data refresh activities are manual or automated. |
REFRESH_START_DATE_TIME 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ' | Identifies the time to start data refreshes. Used with REFRESH_TIMING_TYPE=’SCHEDULED’. Time is specified in UTC time in ISO 8601 format and cannot be in the past. |
REFRESH_INTERVAL interval_count{D | M} | Used with REFRESH_TIMING_TYPE=’SCHEDULED’. Available periods: D(ays), M(onth). To specify 5 days, use ‘5D’. |
Foreign Table Options for File Data Wrappers (delimited_file, parquet_file, and regex_parsed_file)
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
FILE_PATH | Name or path to the file that serves as the datasource for the foreign table. This file path is appended to the BASE_PATH specified in the foreign server. |
REGEX_PATH_FILTER | |
FILE_SORT_ORDER_BY | |
FILE_SORT_REGEX |
Additional Foreign Table Options for the delimited_file Data Wrapper
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
S3_ACCESS_TYPE | Used to identify the S3 CSV access type. Supported values are S3_Direct and S3_Select. This value is not required if using Parquet data formats. The S3_Direct access type uses HeavyConnects's standard CSV data wrapper and HeavyDB supported datatypes. Choosing the S3_Select access type uses the S3 Select capability which can improve performance. S3 Select does not support GEO and ARRAY types and TEXT types with embedded row delimiters such as newlines. If your data contains these types, use the S3_Direct access type. When using S3_Select with public buckets, the CREATE USER MAPPING FOR PUBLIC SERVER is required to set credentials but is not required when using public buckets and S3_Direct. |
All delimited file parser options mentioned in https://docs.heavy.ai/loading-and-exporting-data/command-line/load-data#csv-tsv-import
Additional Foreign Table Options for the regex_parsed_file Data Wrapper
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
LINE_REGEX | Regular expression that matches an line in the given file. Each capturing group in the regular expression should correspond to a column in the foreign table definition. Capturing groups are expected to match columns in number and order specified in the foreign table definition. |
LINE_START_REGEX | Regular expression pattern that should match the start of a new entry in the given file. This option is useful for use cases where entries span multiple lines e.g. when a message contains line breaks. If this option is specified, lines with beginnings that do not match this regular expression are appended to the previous line. This parameter is optional. |
Foreign Table Options for ODBC Data Wrapper
ODBC HeavyConnect is currently in beta.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
SQL_SELECT | SQL statement used to issue a query to an RDMS database. |
SQL_ORDER_BY | Comma separated list of column names that provide a unique ordering for the result set returned by the SQL statement that is set in the SQL_SELECT option. |
Create a foreign table that accesses a local CSV file at /home/my_user/data/csv/my_file.csv using this default server object.
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table (first_name TEXT, last_name TEXT ENCODING NONE)
SERVER default_local_delimited
WITH (file_path = '/home/my_user/data/csv/my_file.csv');
Create a foreign table that accesses a local CSV file at path /home/my_user/data/csv/my_other_file.csv using the above my_csv_server object.
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table (first_name TEXT, last_name TEXT ENCODING NONE)
SERVER my_csv_server
WITH (file_path = 'my_other_file.csv');
The default "default_local_delimited" server object can also be used to accomplish the above. However, if you use a custom server object, you do not have to specify the full path when creating foreign tables.
Create a foreign table that accesses a remote Parquet file named my_parquet_file, referenced by my_parquet_server object, for which content could change every 2 days.
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_parquet_table (first_name TEXT, last_name TEXT ENCODING NONE)
SERVER my_parquet_server
WITH (file_path = 'my_parquet_file', refresh_interval = '2D');
CREATE FOREIGN TABLE my_s3_csv_table (first_name TEXT, last_name TEXT ENCODING NONE)
SERVER my_aws_server
WITH (s3_access_type = 's3_select',
file_path = 'my_csv_file',
refresh_update_type = 'append',
refresh_interval = '2D');
Use the CREATE USER MAPPING command to set access credentials when using S3. S3_Select requires set credentials even when using public buckets.
Update properties of existing foreign tables.
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE <table_name>
RENAME TO <new_table_name>
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE <table_name>
RENAME COLUMN <column_name> TO <new_column_name>
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE <table_name>
[ SET (<option> = <value> [, ... ] ) ]
The following table options can be altered:
- ALLOW_FILE_ROLL_OFF
- BUFFER_SIZE
- REFRESH_INTERVAL
- REFRESH_START_DATE_TIME
- REFRESH_TIMING_TYPE
- REFRESH_UPDATE_TYPE
- SQL_ORDER_BY
- SQL_SELECT
Allow users to update properties of existing foreign tables.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
table_name | The name of the foreign table to be updated. |
new_table_name | The new name of the foreign table. |
column_name | The column name to be updated. |
new_column_name | The new name of the column. |
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table RENAME TO my_new_csv_table;
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table RENAME COLUMN first_name TO full_name;
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table SET (REFRESH_UPDATE_TYPE=‘APPEND’);
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table
SET (REFRESH_TIMING_TYPE=‘SCHEDULED’,
REFRESH_START_DATE_TIME=‘2020-12-20 10:30’,
REFRESH_INTERVAL=‘1D’) ;
Delete a foreign table.
DROP FOREIGN TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] <table_name>;
Allows users to delete an existing foreign table.
Parameters | Usage |
---|---|
table_name | The name of the foreign table to be deleted. |
DROP FOREIGN TABLE my_csv_table;
Refresh a foreign table.
REFRESH FOREIGN TABLES <table_name>, <table_name> [ WITH ( <option> = <value> [, ... ] ) ];
Allows users to do an on-demand refresh of one or more foreign tables.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
EVICT | Indicate whether to evict all cached foreign table data while refreshing (TRUE) or not (FALSE). |
Parameters | Usage |
---|---|
table_name | The name of the foreign table(s) to be refreshed. |
A user mapping is an object that contains access credentials to an external datasource/foreign server. User mappings provide secure handling of user credentials when access to restricted external datasources or foreign servers is required. User mapping DDL commands can only be executed by super users or owners of referenced foreign servers. The following DDL commands are supported.
Create new user mappings.
CREATE USER MAPPING [IF NOT EXISTS] FOR PUBLIC SERVER <server_name>
WITH ( <option> = <value> [, ... ] )
Allows users to create new user mappings. See related AWS documentation for information about AWS credentials.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
server_name | Name of the server the user mapping applies to. |
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
s3_access_key | AWS access key id for accessing S3 objects (see related documentation for more details). This is provided as an option and only applies to AWS S3 based servers (i.e. delimited_file, parquet_file, or regex_parsed_file data wrappers with storage_type of AWS_S3). |
s3_secret_key | AWS secret access key for accessing S3 objects (see related documentation for more details). This is provided as an option and only applies to AWS S3 based servers (i.e. delimited_file, parquet_file, or regex_parsed_file data wrappers with storage_type of AWS_S3). |
s3_session_token | AWS session token generated for accessing S3 objects using temporary credentials; see AWS documentation for more information. This option applies only to AWS S3-based servers (for example, delimited_file, parquet_file, or regex_parsed_file data wrappers with storage type AWS_S3). |
AWS credentials that are configured on the server, such as IAM roles, can be used in place of user mappings. Enable this option with the
allow-s3-server-privileges
server configuration.ODBC User Mapping Options
ODBC HeavyConnect is currently in beta.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
username | Username on the RDMS. This option only applies to user mappings that reference an odbc foreign server, which uses data_source_name . |
password | Password credential for the RDMS. This option only applies to user mappings that reference an odbc foreign server, which uses data_source_name . |
credential_string | A set of semicolon separated key=value pairs, which define the access credential parameters for an RDMS. For example, Username=username;Password=password . This option only applies to user mappings that reference an odbc foreign server, which uses connection_string . |
Examples
Set up credentials for users to be able to query a foreign table (see related documentation for more details) that gets data from a previously created AWS S3 backed my_parquet_server,
CREATE USER MAPPING FOR PUBLIC SERVER my_parquet_server
WITH (aws_access_key_id = '1234', aws_secret_access_key = 'abcd');
Delete existing user mappings.
DROP USER MAPPING [IF NOT EXISTS] FOR PUBLIC SERVER <server_name>
Allows users to delete existing user mappings.
Parameter | Usage |
---|---|
server_name | Name of the server the user mapping applies to. |
Examples
Delete user mapping that was setup for my_parquet_server.
DROP USER MAPPING FOR PUBLIC SERVER my_parquet_server;
Last modified 1yr ago