ODBC Data Wrapper Reference

ODBC HeavyConnect and import is currently a beta feature.

This topic provides setup and configuration details and information about supported data types when using ODBC HeavyConnect or import. This reference also describes ODBC data wrapper assumptions and supported mappings of HeavyDB column types to ODBC column types, and provides RDMS-specific notes.

ODBC Driver Installation

To HeavyConnect to or import from an external RDMS using the ODBC data wrapper, make sure that an appropriate ODBC driver is installed for the RDMS you want to access. RDMS vendors websites usually provide ODBC driver download and configuration instructions, and in certain cases, ODBC drivers are managed by third-party vendors that provide these instructions.

ODBC Configuration Files

Two key configuration files need to be set up when using ODBC HeavyConnect or import: odbcinst.ini and odbc.ini.

The odbcinst.ini file specifies a list of installed drivers, along with required configuration for those drivers (the path to the driver binary). The following example is an odbcinst.ini configuration file for an instance with installed drivers for PostGreSQL, Redshift, and Snowflake:

[ODBC Drivers]
PostgreSQL=Installed
Redshift=Installed
Snowflake=Installed

[PostgreSQL]
Description=PostgreSQL ODBC driver
Driver=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/psqlodbca.so

[Redshift]
Description=Redshift ODBC driver
Driver=/opt/amazon/redshiftodbc/lib/64/libamazonredshiftodbc64.so

[Snowflake]
Description=Snowflake ODBC Driver
Driver=/usr/lib/snowflake/odbc/lib/libSnowflake.so

Use an intuitive name for the drivers, such as the official name of the RDMS, so that users can easily know the driver names to use in connection strings.

The odbc.ini file contains configuration for database-specific connections. Each connection configuration is identified by a data source name (DSN). The following example is an odbc.ini file with configuration for the default postgres database on a local instance of PostgreSQL running on port 5432:

[ODBC Data Sources]
default_postgres_db=default_postgres_db

[default_postgres_db]
Description=Local default PostgreSQL database
Driver=PostgreSQL
Database=postgres
Servername=localhost
Port=5432

Locate odbcinst.ini and odbc.ini in the /etc/ directory, or in the home directory for cases where the server process is started under a specific user account.

The PostgreSQL unicode ODBC driver is currently not supported.

Setting Up ODBC Connectors for Heavy Immerse

In certain cases, an odbcinst.ini configuration file that omits the [ODBC Drivers] section is automatically generated when ODBC drivers (such as the PostgreSQL driver) are installed. This section of the configuration file is required for the ODBC-related connectors to appear in Heavy Immerse.

In addition, the driver names specified in odbcinst.ini must match the RDMS name for connectors to appear in Immerse. Specifically, the driver name should be PostgreSQL for PostgreSQL, Redshift for AWS Redshift, and Snowflake for Snowflake.

Working with HEAVY.AI Docker Images

For docker deployments of HEAVY.AI, ODBC driver installations can be managed in a Dockerfile that uses the HEAVY.AI Docker image as a base. For example, you can create a docker image with installed PostGreSQL, Redshift, and Snowflake ODBC drivers using a Dockerfile with the following content.

Always consult the license and terms and conditions of the ODBC drivers you install. The examples here are provided for illustrative purposes only.

FROM heavyai/heavyai-ee-cuda

# Install PostGreSQL ODBC driver.
# The Snowflake ODBC driver depends on unixodbc.
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y odbc-postgresql unixodbc

# Install Redshift ODBC driver.
RUN wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/redshift-downloads/drivers/odbc/1.4.52.1000/AmazonRedshiftODBC-64-bit-1.4.52.1000-1.x86_64.deb
RUN dpkg -i ./AmazonRedshiftODBC-64-bit-1.4.52.1000-1.x86_64.deb
RUN rm ./AmazonRedshiftODBC-64-bit-1.4.52.1000-1.x86_64.deb

# Install Snowflake ODBC driver.
RUN wget https://sfc-repo.snowflakecomputing.com/odbc/linux/latest/snowflake-odbc-2.25.2.x86_64.deb
RUN dpkg -i ./snowflake-odbc-2.25.2.x86_64.deb
RUN rm ./snowflake-odbc-2.25.2.x86_64.deb

You can then build a new image with installed ODBC drivers using the Dockerfile.

The odbcinst.ini and odbc.ini configuration files should be bound to /etc/odbcinst.ini and /etc/odbc.ini, respectively, when running the container.

ODBC Data Wrapper Assumptions

The remote database management system supports the MIN, MAX, and LENGTH SQL functions. These functions are used internally for optimizations and validations.
The combination of the query specified in the foreign table’s SQL_SELECT option and the SQL_ORDER_BY option is guaranteed to return a result set in the same order every time the query is executed.
Queries for geo columns are always returned as WKT strings. This implies that either geo columns are stored as text columns containing WKT strings, geo columns are cast to text (for example, using a function like ST_AsText) in the SQL_SELECT query, or the remote database management system, by default, projects geo columns as WKT strings.

HeavyDB to ODBC Data Type Mapping

Numeric and Boolean Types

HeavyDB (Down) \ ODBC (Right)	SQL_BIGINT	SQL_INTEGER	SQL_SMALLINT	SQL_TINYINT	SQL_DOUBLE	SQL_FLOAT	SQL_REAL	SQL_DECIMAL	SQL_NUMERIC	SQL_BIT
BIGINT	Yes (unsigned is not coercible)	Yes (if unsigned)	No	No	No	No	No	Coercible	No	No
BIGINT ENCODING FIXED (32) / INTEGER	Coercible	Yes	Yes (if unsigned)	No	No	No	No	Coercible	No	No
BIGINT ENCODING FIXED (16) / INTEGER ENCODING FIXED (16) / SMALLINT	Coercible	Coercible	Yes	Yes (if unsigned)	No	No	No	Coercible	No	No
BIGINT ENCODING FIXED (8) / INTEGER ENCODING FIXED (8) / SMALLINT ENCODING FIXED (8) / TINYINT	Coercible	Coercible	Coercible	Yes	No	No	No	Coercible	No	No
BOOLEAN	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
DECIMAL (Precision, Scale)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes (if precision and scale are within OmniSci’s range)	Yes (if precision and scale are within OmniSci’s range)	No
DOUBLE	No	No	No	No	Yes	Coercible	No	No	No	No
FLOAT	No	No	No	No	Coercible	Coercible	Yes	No	No	No

HeavyDB (Down) \ ODBC (Right)

SQL_BIGINT

SQL_INTEGER

SQL_SMALLINT

SQL_TINYINT

SQL_DOUBLE

SQL_FLOAT

SQL_REAL

SQL_DECIMAL

SQL_NUMERIC

SQL_BIT

BIGINT

Yes (unsigned is not coercible)

Yes (if unsigned)

Coercible

BIGINT ENCODING FIXED (32) / INTEGER

Coercible

Yes

Yes (if unsigned)

Coercible

BIGINT ENCODING FIXED (16) / INTEGER ENCODING FIXED (16) / SMALLINT

Coercible

Yes

Yes (if unsigned)

Coercible

BIGINT ENCODING FIXED (8) / INTEGER ENCODING FIXED (8) / SMALLINT ENCODING FIXED (8) / TINYINT

Coercible

Yes

Coercible

BOOLEAN

Yes

DECIMAL (Precision, Scale)

Yes (if precision and scale are within OmniSci’s range)

DOUBLE

Yes

Coercible

FLOAT

Coercible

Yes

*[1] PostgreSQL requires setting the option BoolsAsChar=false to represent boolean columns as SQL_BIT.

Date and Time Types

HeavyDB (Down) \ ODBC (Right)	SQL_TYPE_DATE	SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP	SQL_TYPE_TIME	SQL_TYPE_UTCDATETIME	SQL_TYPE_UTCTIME
DATE / DATE ENCODING DAYS (32)	Coercible	No	No	No	No
DATE ENCODING DAYS (16)	Coercible	No	No	No	No
TIME	No	No	Yes	No	No
TIME ENCODING FIXED (32)	No	No	Yes	No	No
TIMESTAMP (0)	No	Coercible	No	No	No
TIMESTAMP (3)	No	Coercible	No	No	No
TIMESTAMP (6)	No	Coercible	No	No	No
TIMESTAMP (9)	No	Coercible	No	No	No
TIMESTAMP ENCODING FIXED (32)	No	Coercible	No	No	No

HeavyDB (Down) \ ODBC (Right)

SQL_TYPE_DATE

SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP

SQL_TYPE_TIME

SQL_TYPE_UTCDATETIME

SQL_TYPE_UTCTIME

DATE / DATE ENCODING DAYS (32)

Coercible

DATE ENCODING DAYS (16)

Coercible

TIME

Yes

TIME ENCODING FIXED (32)

Yes

TIMESTAMP (0)

Coercible

TIMESTAMP (3)

Coercible

TIMESTAMP (6)

Coercible

TIMESTAMP (9)

Coercible

TIMESTAMP ENCODING FIXED (32)

Coercible

Geo and String Types

HeavyDB (Down) \ ODBC (Right)	SQL_CHAR	SQL_VARCHAR	SQL_LONGVARCHAR	SQL_WCHAR	SQL_WVARCHAR	SQL_WLONGVARCHAR
TEXT ENCODING DICT	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
TEXT ENCODING (16)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
TEXT ENCODING (8)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
TEXT ENCODING NONE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
LINESTRING	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
MULTIPOLYGON	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
POINT	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
POLYGON	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

HeavyDB (Down) \ ODBC (Right)

SQL_CHAR

SQL_VARCHAR

SQL_LONGVARCHAR

SQL_WCHAR

SQL_WVARCHAR

SQL_WLONGVARCHAR

TEXT ENCODING DICT

Yes

TEXT ENCODING (16)

Yes

TEXT ENCODING (8)

Yes

TEXT ENCODING NONE

Yes

LINESTRING

Yes

MULTIPOLYGON

Yes

POINT

Yes

POLYGON

Yes

Array Type

Array data types currently are not supported.

See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/appendixes/sql-data-types for more details about ODBC data types, and consult the specific RDMS ODBC driver documentation for details about how the RDMS data types map to the ODBC data types.

RDMS-Specific Notes

PostgreSQL

The official PostgreSQL ODBC driver can be downloaded from https://odbc.postgresql.org/
Accessing BOOLEAN data in PostgreSQL requires the BoolsAsChar=false option to be added to the connection string or DSN configuration.

Google BigQuery

The official BigQuery ODBC data connector installation and configuration guide can be downloaded from https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/odbc-jdbc-drivers.
The BigQuery ODBC connector uses the OAuth 2.0 protocol for authentication; steps are provided by the official installation guide.
- In all authentication methods, the Principal member (e.g. Service Account, User Account) must have at least a roles/bigquery.dataViewer permission grant on the GCP project.
- Using a Service Account is the recommended method for authentication. Steps are provided in "Using a Google Service Account" in the installation guide.
- If you are using a User Account for authentication, some steps may be missing from the installation guide in the "Using a Google User Account" section. Include the following steps:
  - Before starting a Client ID & Secret must be created, from the GCP console select APIs & Services > Credentials > Create Credentials > OAuth Client ID > Web Application to create one. The URI https://developers.google.com/oauthplayground must be added to the list of Authorized redirect URIs.
  - Before clicking the Authorize APIs button on the https://developers.google.com/oauthplayground webpage, click the "OAuth 2.0 Configuration" icon to reveal a menu; check the Use your own OAuth credentials box to reveal additional options; and specify the Client ID & Secret provided by the previous addendum step.
  - While on the Selecting & authorize APIs section of the https://developers.google.com/oauthplayground webpage, ensure that the BigQuery API v2 > https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery option is selected.

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